《畅通畅业常识科普系列》文集，写于 2020 年 05 月 02 日
依据维基百科[1],
A trailing suction hopper dredger is a ship that has a full sailing capacity used to maintain navigable waterways, deepening the maritime canals that are threatened to become silted, to construct new land elsewhere or to replace sand eroded by storms or wave action on the beaches. This is made possible by large powerful pumps and engines able to suck sand, clay, silt and gravel.
一耙吸挖泥船是一个具备自航能耐的船舶，其每一每一用来连结一个通航能耐的航道，深入被淤塞劫持的海运运河，填海造陆或者替换沙滩上被风暴侵蚀或者海浪的砂石。大功率的畅通泵以及倡导机给予耙吸挖船排汇沙子，粘土，淤泥以及砾石的能耐——即某种意思上的飞砂走石的能耐。
---
Operation
Properties
公司一贯将质量作为企业的生命，在生产经营活动中，努力提高产品质量。坚持“科技创新、诚信服务、持续发展、知名品牌”的经营理念，建立了严格的管理制度，是企业在激烈的市场竞争中稳步的前进发展，为客户提供**的产品和满意的服务。公司主营：耙料机、耙砂机、刮板取料机、堆取料机、装船机、卸船机、门座起重机、集装箱起重机、液压翻板、干雾抑尘等产品。
A trailing suction hopper dredger is self-loading/unloading and sometimes equipped with a pressurized discharging system.
施工历程
属性
耙吸式挖泥船是自装载/自卸载的，无心还会配置装备部署加压排放装置。
Loading
From the side of the ship one or two suction pipes descend to the bottom of the seabed. On the end of the pipe a so-called trailing drag head is connected. This head is comparable to a large vacuum cleaner and is trailed along the seabed. In the head there are nozzles connected to a high pressure water installation that are capable of loosening the material on the seabed. Due to lower pressure in the pipe, the material will be sucked inward and discharged in the hopper.
The vessel should always have a positive speed over the ground. It is possible to regulate the density of the sucked substance. If the head is lowered, more material will be sucked but this risks damaging the installation because the material can get stuck inside the pipes. Once the mixture is loaded inside the hopper, the substance will sink and the water is discharged overboard, saving on storage space. A trailing suction hopper dredger can only suck relatively loose substance because the steel teeth are not so big. Harder substances such as rock or ironbased rock must be destroyed by a cutter.
装载历程
一或者两个吸管，称为耙臂，从船的侧面着落到海床的底部。在管道的*后衔接了一个所谓的拖曳拖头，称为耙头。该拖头可与大型真空吸尘器拖头媲美，并沿海床拖曳。拖头部内侧，有衔接到低压水装置的喷嘴，这些喷嘴可能涣散海床上的物资。因为管道中的压力较低，物料将被向管路内吸入并排入泥舱。
船只在地面上应始终具备正向速率，即向前行动。可能调节吸入水下物资的密度。假如着落机头，将会排汇更多的资料，但这有破损配置装备部署的危害，因为水下物资可能会卡在管道内。一旦搅浑物被装入泥舱内，物资将沉底，过剩的水（经由溢流装置）排放到舷外，从而节约了存储空间。耙吸式挖泥船只能罗致相对于松散的物资，因为钢齿不是很大。安定的物资，比喻岩石或者铁基岩石，必须用绞刀（装备在绞吸船上）切削。
备注：事实上，耙头，叫做耙掌更好——手臂的端部是手掌，耙臂的端部尽管是耙（手）掌；耙头上的耙齿，叫做耙指更好。耙手，谐音扒手，大人造的搬运工，也不是不可以。
Discharging
There are several ways to discharge a TSHD. The most co妹妹on way is dumping the material.
- Dumping——This is done by simply opening the doors that close the hopper. Once opened the substance will simply drop to the seabed because of gravity. The hopper will never be completely empty because there will always be some residue and water left inside.
- Pressing——High-pressure pumps will pump water inside the hopper to loosen or even liquefy the substance, which can then be pumped via long hoses over great distances (f.i. ashore)
- Rainbowing——This is the same principle as pressing, but instead of transporting the substance it will simply be blown away. This is often used to create land.
- Crane——It is always possible to discharge the load with a crane, but this will be a time-consuming process.
排放历程
- 倾卸——只需打开关闭泥舱的门即可。一旦打开，该物质将仅因重力而掉落到海底。泥舱几乎不会被**清空，因为泥舱（其为工程制品，存在犄角旮旯）总会有一些残留物和水。
- （船）艏吹（岸），加压化——高压泵将往泥舱内泵送水以使物质稀释、软化甚至液化，然后可以通过长软管将其泵输送很长的距离（到岸上）。
- （船）艏喷（岸），彩虹化——这与加压化原理相同，但是代替（管路）输送物质，它只会被吹走。这通常用于填海造陆工程。
- 吊装——总是可以用起重机来卸荷，但这将是一个耗时的过程。
备注：从空间角度来看，倾卸——水下，艏吹——水面、陆路，艏喷——地面。畅通公司的同仁们特意兴致这个彩虹化，特意有感应，彷佛前线腺畅通了——倡导泌尿科挂花虹化图片，提振定夺。
Equipment
A trailing suction hopper dredger is equipped with the following equipment:
- One, or more, rearward extendingsuction pipes
- One or more,Dredging pumps to create an under pressure in order to suck the substance into the hopper
- Transportation tubes to transport the substance from the pipes to the hopper
- Anoverflowto discharge the redundant water overboard
- Degassing installationto extract any possible gas from the substance in order to reduce damage and increase fluency
配置装备部署|机具
耙吸式挖泥船艰深配置装备部署如下装置：
- 一个，或者多个，吸泥管，向船尾延伸
- 一个，或者多个，疏浚泵，能够制造负压环境，用于将水下物质吸入泥舱
- 多组，输送管路，能够将水下物质从吸泥管转移到泥舱
- 一组，溢流装置，能够向船外排出（泥舱内）多余的水分
- 一组，脱气装置，能够从物质中排出任何可能的气体，以减少（泥泵的）损坏并提高（泥泵的）流通量
备注：一具，概况两具，海浪抵偿器，具体的数目依耙臂的数目决定，连结耙管在风浪流以及河海创笔直的状态下始终贴紧泥面。
Functions
A dredging vessel and particularly a TSHD is mostly used for
- Maintaining the depth of a harbor, canal or waterway.
- Constant delivery of sand for land reclamation or beach nourishment.
功能：
畅通船舶，特意是耙吸式挖泥船个别用作：
- 维持港口、运河或航道的深度，即实现维护性疏浚功能
- 为土地开垦或海滩固堤不断输送沙土，即执行基建性疏浚功能
耙吸施工：一次次泥沙的大迁徙
耙吸施工，相似于在冰激凌桶里挖冰激凌球，在勺子平移的历程，冰激凌球越来越大，而后装载在碗内，实现从冰激凌从一个桶里向碗里的位移。
开个玩笑的话，便是沙子，快到碗里来。
客服1